蜗窝科技

DRAM 1和 2 很好， 感谢作者的分享。作为一名软件工程师，更应该从其结构和和工作原理上去了解存储设备。 不知道是否会出Nor/NAND flash、EMMC 等存储器的相关文章，可以供我们学习谢谢。

@wowo：哈哈，那有什么开源的针对于蓝牙方面的测试用例吗？

@coco：是的。

@wowo：这样子说，如果纯粹在drvier这一层去做测试，是无法测试得了如a2dp、opp等等这些profile功能的了吧？

@coco：是的，一般情况下，TX/RX上面可能会把HCI packet封装一下，0x1标识command、0x04标识event，等等。 因此用这一层测试，就是TX、RX加HCI的格式。

@蜗牛：非常感谢您的意见，其实也有其他的网友提出过相同的问题，我总结如下： 1、目前没能达到财富自由，不能全职放在这上面。毕竟在当前的大环境，靠它赚钱有点难 2、写书是这样的过程，你自己是一个装满水的水库，但是准备了一桶水，给读者倒了一杯。但现在，我们只是建好了水库，还在蓄水阶段...... 3、我们确实有打算将这些文章总结成书，并且列入了2016～2020区间的五年计划，希望能够实现。

蜗窝为啥不写几本教材，出几本书啊？

hi,wowo,这里请教一下阿，如果撇开bluetooth stack这一层进行测试，仅仅是针对bluetooth driver，是不是就只有tx,rx的概念了？

@cracker：错误信息已经给出来了，就是virq等于0的那个中断描述符已经和某个irq domain的hw interrupt id绑定了，不能再次绑定。

Hi,linuxer: 目前遇到如下WARNING和error，但不知道如何去分析根本，可以指点一下吗？ log如下： [ 2.213782] Driver 'mmcblk' needs updating - please use bus_type methods [ 2.213879] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver [ 2.213894] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman [ 2.213997] sdhci-pci 0000:00:01.0: SDHCI controller found [8086:1190] (rev 1) [ 2.214050] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 2.214085] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1 at /home/andrei/work/resin/resin-edison/build/tmp/work-shared/edison/kernel-source/kernel/irq/irqdomain.c:284 irq_domain_associate+0x1a3/0x200() [ 2.214100] error: virq0 is already associated [ 2.214111] Modules linked in: [ 2.214142] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.19.5-yocto-standard #1 [ 2.214156] Hardware name: Intel Corporation Merrifield/BODEGA BAY, BIOS 466 2014.06.23:19.20.05 [ 2.214169] 00000000 00000000 f6e0fc00 c19f08d7 f6e0fc40 f6e0fc30 c1253157 c1c24014 [ 2.214219] f6e0fc5c 00000001 c1c23f40 0000011c c12a4563 c12a4563 f6c05e00 f675e480 [ 2.214267] 00000000 f6e0fc48 c12531c3 00000009 f6e0fc40 c1c24014 f6e0fc5c f6e0fc7c [ 2.214314] Call Trace: [ 2.214349] [<c19f08d7>] dump_stack+0x4b/0x75 [ 2.214375] [<c1253157>] warn_slowpath_common+0x87/0xc0 [ 2.214402] [<c12a4563>] ? irq_domain_associate+0x1a3/0x200 [ 2.214426] [<c12a4563>] ? irq_domain_associate+0x1a3/0x200 [ 2.214449] [<c12531c3>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x33/0x40 [ 2.214475] [<c12a4563>] irq_domain_associate+0x1a3/0x200 [ 2.214502] [<c12a45ff>] irq_domain_associate_many+0x3f/0xa0 [ 2.214528] [<c19f559d>] ? mutex_unlock+0xd/0x10 [ 2.214551] [<c19ecb88>] ? __irq_alloc_descs+0xe8/0x1b0 [ 2.214578] [<c12a46a2>] irq_create_strict_mappings+0x42/0x50 [ 2.214605] [<c12338fa>] mp_map_pin_to_irq+0x1ca/0x200 [ 2.214631] [<c1233f40>] mp_map_gsi_to_irq+0x90/0xc0 [ 2.214658] [<c184fb59>] intel_mid_pci_irq_enable+0x59/0x80 [ 2.214683] [<c1850390>] pcibios_enable_device+0x30/0x40 [ 2.214708] [<c1618f6f>] do_pci_enable_device+0x4f/0xd0 [ 2.214732] [<c1619e4d>] pci_enable_device_flags+0x9d/0xe0 [ 2.214757] [<c1619ee2>] pci_enable_device+0x12/0x20 [ 2.214782] [<c17dc4b2>] sdhci_pci_probe+0xd2/0x950 [ 2.214810] [<c161bb5f>] pci_device_probe+0x6f/0xd0 [ 2.214834] [<c13ba2a5>] ? sysfs_create_link+0x25/0x50 [ 2.214860] [<c16ada0f>] driver_probe_device+0x7f/0x3c0 [ 2.214885] [<c161ba92>] ? pci_match_device+0xd2/0x100 [ 2.214910] [<c16ade09>] __driver_attach+0x79/0x80 [ 2.214933] [<c16add90>] ? __device_attach+0x40/0x40 [ 2.214955] [<c16abdaf>] bus_for_each_dev+0x4f/0x80 [ 2.214979] [<c16ad51e>] driver_attach+0x1e/0x20 [ 2.215001] [<c16add90>] ? __device_attach+0x40/0x40 [ 2.215024] [<c16ad157>] bus_add_driver+0x157/0x240 [ 2.215049] [<c1e01c8f>] ? sdhci_drv_init+0x1b/0x1b [ 2.215072] [<c1e01c8f>] ? sdhci_drv_init+0x1b/0x1b [ 2.215095] [<c16ae56d>] driver_register+0x5d/0xf0 [ 2.215119] [<c1351cce>] ? kfree+0x9e/0x1d0 [ 2.215144] [<c15eb7d0>] ? kvasprintf+0x40/0x50 [ 2.215168] [<c161ab9a>] __pci_register_driver+0x4a/0x50 [ 2.215192] [<c1e01ca3>] sdhci_driver_init+0x14/0x16 [ 2.215216] [<c120044a>] do_one_initcall+0xaa/0x1e0 [ 2.215239] [<c1e01c8f>] ? sdhci_drv_init+0x1b/0x1b [ 2.215263] [<c1dcc4e3>] ? repair_env_string+0x12/0x54 [ 2.215288] [<c126d0a9>] ? parse_args+0x299/0x510 [ 2.215317] [<c1dccbeb>] kernel_init_freeable+0x147/0x1ef [ 2.215345] [<c1273a63>] ? preempt_count_sub+0xb3/0x110 [ 2.215368] [<c127262d>] ? finish_task_switch+0x5d/0xd0 [ 2.215392] [<c19eb630>] kernel_init+0x10/0xe0 [ 2.215415] [<c19f7441>] ret_from_kernel_thread+0x21/0x30 [ 2.215436] [<c19eb620>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80 [ 2.215476] ---[ end trace 96410e869c63de19 ]--- [ 2.215566] flis_addr mapped addr: f8498900 [ 2.215694] sdhci-pci 0000:00:01.0: rte_addr mapped addr: f849c000 [ 2.317076] mmc0: BKOPS_EN bit is not set [ 2.324368] mmc0: new HS200 MMC card at address 0001 [ 2.325192] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 H4G1d� 3.64 GiB [ 2.332236] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10 p11 [ 2.337906] mmc0: SDHCI controller on PCI [0000:00:01.0] using ADMA